Depth of field is controlled by usage of aperture (F/*). A large aperture (indicated with fspot, low number(s) like e.g. 1.4, 1.8, 2.2) lets in a lot of light and leads to a shallow depth of field. This tool focuses the eye of the beholder to the spot the photographer might find to be the important statement of the photography but could also be used to irritate the viewer by focusing on a somewhat unimportant detail of the photograph but making the viewer curious to look for the 'blurry' object and looking for the 'true' meaning of the picture.
This picture was taken with aperture 1.8, Focus on upper half of right pen. Fore- and background are very blurry.
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A small aperture (large numbers like e. g. 11, 16, 18, 22) lets in less light and leads to a visibly more detailed photographs with little or no blur.
This picture was taken with aperture 22, Focus exactly as above on upper half of right pen, Fore- and backround are well defined.
Examples
F/1.8
F/18
F/1.8
F/22
F/1.8
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